Overview
This is the
new global target through 2030 adopted at COP15 held in Montreal, Canada in December 2022.
It is a historic agreement equivalent to the "Paris Agreement" for climate change, and will become the standard for all future biodiversity policies.
Its mission is to "halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 (Nature Positive)," with
23 specific targets established to achieve this.
Theoretical Background
Lessons from the Aichi Targets
The previous global targets, the "Aichi Targets (2011-2020)" adopted in 2010, achieved zero out of 20 individual targets completely.
Reasons for this failure included "targets were abstract with no indicators to measure progress" and "insufficient implementation mechanisms (funding and technical support)."
The
GBF applies these lessons, creating more quantifiable (Measurable) targets with strengthened implementation systems.
Detailed Explanation
4 Long-term Goals (2050) and 23 Targets (2030)
The structure is complex, but the important points relevant to IKIMON are as follows:
Target 3: 30by30
Conserve at least 30% of land and sea. (→
Details on 30by30)
Target 15: Demands on Business
Require large enterprises and financial institutions to assess and disclose biodiversity risks, dependencies, and impacts.
This means frameworks like
TNFD will become de facto international rules, having the greatest impact on the business world.
Target 12: Urban Greening
Improve the area, quality, and connectivity of green spaces and waterfront spaces in urban areas. This is considered important for the health and welfare (well-being) of urban residents.
Target 21: Data and Knowledge
Ensure access to data, information, and knowledge necessary for decision-making.
Here,
the importance of "traditional knowledge" and "citizen science" is also specified, providing international legitimacy for platforms like IKIMON.
Critical Examination
Concerns About Implementation Capacity
While the goals are admirable, they are not legally binding. The question is how each country will incorporate them into domestic law and national strategies (NBSAP) and allocate budgets.
Developing countries in particular demand massive financial support from developed countries, arguing that "conservation costs money," and resource mobilization (securing funds) is the biggest bottleneck.
IKIMON's Contribution
IKIMON's activities contribute to achieving multiple goals set by the
GBF.
- Target 3 (30by30): By rediscovering the value of nearby nature, we expand the possibilities for OECM (Nature Coexistence Sites).
- Target 15 (Business): We function as a reliable data foundation that supports corporate nature-related information disclosure (TNFD).
- Target 12 (Urban): We visualize biodiversity in urban green spaces and support resident-participatory greening activities.
- Target 21 (Knowledge): By accumulating citizen observation data and sharing it as scientific knowledge, we contribute to raising society-wide knowledge levels.
Using IKIMON is one familiar and concrete action toward achieving global goals (
GBF).
References
- CBD. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Results of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15).
